Marshall Characteristics and Durability Values of AC-WC Asphalt Concrete Mixture with Blood Cockle Shell Waste as Filler Substitution

Abstract

The utilization of blood cockle shell (Anadara granosa) waste from Dumai, Riau, as a substitute for stone dust filler in Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixtures aims to reduce environmental waste and improve pavement performance. This study analyzes the effect of cockle shell powder content on Marshall characteristics and durability, evaluated against the General Specification of Bina Marga 2018 Revision II. Marshall specimens were prepared at an optimum asphalt content (OAC) of 5.39% with substitution levels of 0% and 12-20% of the filler weight (three specimens per variation). Parameters analyzed included stability, flow, density, VMA, VIM, VFWA, Marshall quotient (MQ), and durability expressed as the retained strength index (RSI). The highest stability, 5,819.47 kg, was obtained at 17%, but its flow (7.10 mm) exceeded the 2-4 mm limit. Considering the balance of Marshall parameters and durability, 14% showed the most balanced performance, with a stability of 5,018.25 kg, a flow of 3.10 mm, an MQ of 656.55 kg/mm, and the highest RSI of 124.01%, although its VIM (1.02%) and VMA (14.20%) fell outside the specification. All variations produced RSI values above 90%. These results indicate that blood cockle shell waste is a potentially viable eco-friendly filler for AC-WC mixtures.